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| 324 BC |
| | When the army reaches Ecbatana, Hephaestion dies of a fever and the grief-stricken Alexander erects shrines in his memory | |
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| 106 BC |
| | A caravan leaves China with goods destined for Persia - proof that the eastern half of the Silk Road is now open | |
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| c. 208 |
| | Ardashir is crowned king of Fars - a first step towards his founding of the Sassanian dynasty in Persia | |
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| c. 230 |
| | Ardashir, the Persian king, commissions a relief of himself in triumphant mood - carved high on a rock face at Naqsh-e Rustam | |
| | Naqsh-e-Rustam Fotofile CG
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| c. 250 |
| | The Persian prophet Mani establishes the dualistic Manichaean religion | |
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| 637 |
| | The Arabs defeat a Persian army at Kadisiya and then sack the city of Ctesiphon, effectively bringing to an end the Sassanian dynasty | |
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| 644 |
| | A document makes the first known reference to windmills, in use in Persia | |
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| c. 800 |
| | Nestorian beliefs become the orthodoxy of the Christian community in Persia, spreading from there to India and China | |
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| c. 866 |
| | The eastern part of the Persian empire comes under the control of the Saffarid dynasty | |
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| c. 900 |
| | Zoroastrians migrate from Muslim Persia to India, where they become known as Parsees | |
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